New Scientist: The biggest methane emissions come from Turkmenistan, Russia and the US

London, February 10 - Neftegaz.RU. About a 10^th of the global oil & gas industry’s methane emissions have been found to come from a group of «ultra-emitter» sites located mostly in Turkmenistan, Russia and the US.

While huge plumes of methane leaking from gas pipelines have been detected by satellites at individual sites, such as a gas well in Ohio and several pipelines in central Turkmenistan, little has been know about their extent globally.

Now, images captured by an instrument aboard a satellite have been run through an algorithm to automatically detect the biggest plumes of methane streaming from oil and gas facilities worldwide.

These ultra-emitters were spotted pumping out more than 25 tonnes of methane an hour.
That’s «a heck of a lot», says Steve Hamburg at Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), a US non-profit organisation.
Collectively, these contribute about 8 million tonnes of methane a year, about a 10^th of the oil & gas industry’s total annual emissions for 2019-20.

Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas that governments recently agreed to slash by 2030..
Turkmenistan was the biggest ultra-emitter, releasing more than a million tonnes of methane between 2019 and 2020.
Russia was 2^nd at just under a million tonnes, followed by the US, Iran, Algeria and Kazakhstan.

The US count is probably low because it excluded a major oil & gas region, the Permian basin, due to monitoring difficulties.
By contrast to these countries, other major oil producing countries, including Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, had very few ultra-emitters.

Drew Shindell at Duke University in North Carolina, part of the team behind the analysis, says the big differences between countries gives hope that bad practice – where gas is released to the atmosphere for pipe repairs rather than pumped to another section of pipe – can be improved.
He says:

• It shows if we put some effort in, we can have hardly any leaks or intentional releases that are large enough to be seen from space

The study also found that ultra-emitting sites are releasing so much methane, which could be sold, that it should be cost effective to solve.
For the 6 worst countries, tackling those plumes should cost up to $300 less per tonne than it would typically cost to reduce methane from oil & gas facilities in those nations.

A new EDF satellite due to launch next year will scrutinise much smaller but more numerous plumes that make up the bulk of the industry’s emissions.


Author: Adam Vaughan