The unions have threatened to strike several times in the past over insecurity in the delta, but usually back down after government intervention.
The unions met with government and security officials later on Tuesday to sign a communique setting up the four committees and establishing their agendas.
Numerous committees, both government-backed and independently appointed, have looked into the Niger Delta problem and issued in-depth reports on how best to address the violence.
The committees will be given a specific timeframe to achieve their goals. If they fail, the unions could decide to renew their threat for a workers' strike.
The two sides also agreed to form a committee to address the unions' concerns over government plans to end fuel subsidies and privatize its refineries.
Top government officials have recently backed these measures, saying it would help end the country's dependence on fuel imports.
The world's eighth largest oil exporter spent $4.3 billion on fuel subsidies last year.
Author: Ksenia Kochneva
